New species and records of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) for Vietnam

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Three new species (Calymmodon concinnus, Oreogrammitis parvula, Xiphopterella parva), and seven new records (Dasygrammitis brevivenosa, Oreogrammitis sinohirtella, Radiogrammitis beddomeana, R. jagoriana, Scleroglossum pyxidatum, S. sulcatum and Themelium halconense) of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) are reported for the flora of Vietnam, mostly from newly collected specimens. We provide detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, ecology and distribution, and taxonomic notes for each new species. Furthermore, type information, distribution, voucher specimens and taxonomic notes are provided for each newly recorded species. a checklist including synonymy and a key to Vietnamese grammitid ferns are also given.

New species found in Vietnam

Calymmodon concinnus Parris

Calymmodon concinnus differs from other members of the genus in the following combination of characters; lamina less than 5 cm long, pinnae less than 20 pairs, sterile pinnae broadly triangular to broadly obovate, uppermost sterile pinnae shorter than the lowermost fertile pinnae, fertile pinnae not stalked; hydathodes at vein endings on the adaxial surface of the lamina; sori elliptic, in apical 1/6 to 3/4 of lamina, one row each side of rachis, 3–13 in each row, one per pinna; sporangia glabrous; 1–3-branched hairs with setae as
branches present.

Type: Vietnam. Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chais Commune, giang Ly, Salmon research center, elev. 1700 m, 26. December 2014, Hsu 7406 (holotype SgN!; isotype TaIF!).R

Distribution and habitat:

In mixed conifer-broadleaf forest along ridge. endemic to Vietnam, only known from the type collection.

Etymology:

Latin, concinnus = neat, pretty, elegant, referring to the appearance of the fronds.

Taxonomic note:

The only other Calymmodon species with lamina less than 5 cm long, pinnae less than 20 pairs, lowermost fertile pinnae longer than uppermost sterile pinnae and only branched hairs present is C. mnioides Copel. from New guinea. however, C. concinnus has unstalked fertile pinnae and broadly triangular to broadly oblanceolate sterile pinnae, while C. mnioides has stalked fertile pinnae and narrowly oblanceolate sterile pinnae.

Oreogrammitis parvula Parris

Oreogrammitis parvula differs from other members of the genus in its combination of the following characters: narrowly oblanceolate laminae less than 30 mm long, veins simple or with a very short acroscopic branch bearing the sorus, and lamina hairs 1–3 mm long.

Type: Vietnam. Khanh hoa Province: hon Ba Nature reserve, elev. 1500 m, 26 January 2014, Wade 3725 (holotype TaIF!; isotype aK!).

Distribution and habitat:

Endemic to Vietnam, only known from hon Ba Nature reserve.

Etymology:

Latin, parvula = diminutive of parva (= small), very small, referring to the size of the fronds.

Taxonomic note:—This species could be confused with Radiogrammitis beddomeana (alderw.) Parris, another dwarf simple-fronded grammitid, which differs in radial rhizomes without scales and whitish to pale red-brown setae.

Additional specimens examined:

Vietnam. Khanh hoa Province: hon Ba Nature reserve, elev. 1454 m, 29 December 2011, Luu Hong Truong & Tran Gioi KH 0057 (SgN!).

Xiphopterella parva Parris

Xiphopterella parva differs from other members of the genus in the following combination of characters: lacking setae, having hydathodes on the vein endings on the adaxial surface of the lamina together with the rachis slightly prominent to prominent and slightly darker to darker on the abaxial surface, and level to slightly sunken and concolorous to slightly darker on the adaxial surface.

Type: Vietnam. Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Giang Ly Forest Station, elev. 1700 m, 20 June 2011, Wade 1626 (holotype SgN!; isotypes aK!, TaIF!).

Distribution and habitat:

In mixed conifer-broadleaf forest. Vietnam, endemic.

Etymology:

Latin, parva = small, referring to its small size compared with the larger members of the genus.

Taxonomic note:

Xiphopterella devolii S.J. Moore, Parris & W.L. Chiou (2013: 54) occurring in Taiwan differs from X. parva by having larger laminae and longer lobes, with the rachis sometimes slightly prominent and concolorous to slightly darker on the abaxial surface and sunken and darker on the adaxial surface, sterile pinnae sometimes with 1- forked veins, hydathodes dark and sometimes slightly sunken. In contrast, X. parva possesses the smaller laminae and lobes with the rachis slightly prominent to prominent and slightly darker to darker on the abaxial surface and level to slightly sunken and concolorous to slightly darker on the adaxial surface, sterile pinnae with simple veins, hydathodes pale, not sunken. Zhang et al. (2013) regarded this species as X. devolii.

Additional specimens examined

Vietnam. Nha Trang Province: la Mère et l’enfant, Poilane 5109, herb. C. Christensen (BM, image seen). Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Giang Ly Forest Station, 18 June 2013, Wade 2644 (SgN!, TaIF!). Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District, Bac Huong Hoa Nature reserve, Huong Viet Commune, Ta Rung Village, km marker 0 along ho Chi Minh road from Sa Mu to Sa Mu top, 22 November 2014, L. B. Zhang, L. Zhang, N. T. Lu 7629 (VNMN!, CDBI, Mo).

New record species for the flora of Vietnam

Dasygrammitis brevivenosa (alderw.) Parris

Basionym: Polypodium brevivenosum alderw. (1918: 40).
Type:—INDoNeSIa. Sumatra, Bengkoelen, Lebong Simpang, Brooks 299.S (holotype Bo!).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Mère & l’enfant, elev.1800–2000 m., 6 November 1922, Poilane 5085 bis (P, image seen). Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, giang Ly Forest Station, elev. 1565 m, 4 august 2013, Dang Minh Tri BDP 107 (SgN!).
Distribution:—Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Brunei, Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Sulawesi, New guinea (West Papua), Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
Taxonomic note:—Poilane 5085 bis is a fertile young plant, with only one sorus per pinna. older plants have two to ten pairs of sori per pinna.

Oreogrammitis sinohirtella Parris

Type:—ChINa. guangdong Province: Ts’ung-hwa District, Cheung uk village, Sam Kok Shan, 1 16 March 1935, W.T. Tsang 24913 (holotype e!, isotype Lu).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Vinh Phuc Province: Tam Dao Town, rung rinh peak and nearby Thach Ban peak, 7 November 2009, Wade 1044 (aK!, VNMN!), Chang 20091107-007 (TaIF!), Lu 19350 (TaIF!). Central annam, Lao Bao, 12 January 1911, Cadière 163 (P, image seen).
Distribution:—China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Taxonomic note:—Grammitis cuneifolia auct. non Copel. (1935: 479): Pham-hoang no. 372, 107 (1999) is probably O. sinohirtella.

Radiogrammitis beddomeana (alderw.) Parris

Basionym: Polypodium beddomeanum alderw. (1918: 39).
Type:—SrI LaNKa. Bogawantalawa, Wall 30 (holotype Bo!). Radiogrammitis alepidota (M.g.Price) Parris, synon. nov.
Basionym: Grammitis alepidota M.g. Price (1974: 34).
Type:—PhILIPPINeS. Luzon, Mt Banahaw, Quezon side, just below summit, elev. 2100 m, 28 March 1972, Price 2149 (holotype PNh!; isotypes K!, L, uS!).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, giang Ly Forest Station, elev. 1700 m , 20 June 2011, Wade 1625 (SgN!, aK!, TaIF!)
Distribution:—China, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Borneo (Sabah) and Philippines.
Taxonomic note:—This species could be confused with Oreogrammitis parva another dwarf simple-fronded grammitid, but it differs from the latter in dorsiventral rhizomes with rhizome scales and medium to dark red-brown setae.

Radiogrammitis jagoriana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Parris

Basionym: Polypodium jagorianum Mett. ex Kuhn (1869: 36).
Type:—PhILIPPINeS. Luzon, 1861, Jagor 835 (lectotype B!; isolectotype BM!).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Khanh hoa Province: Khanh Vinh, hon Ba Nature reserve, elev. 1500 m, 26 January 2014, Wade 3724 (aK!, TaIF!).
Distribution:—Thailand, Vietnam, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Borneo (Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak), Sulawesi, Philippines and Solomon Islands.
Taxonomic note:—Pham-hoang no. 372, 107 (1999) was identified as Grammitis cuneifolia Copel. (1935: 479), a synonym of Radiogrammitis jagoriana, but the illustration is probably of Oreogrammitis sinohirtella, because it shows the marginal setae as all solitary, rather than mostly basally stellate in R. jagoriana.

Scleroglossum pyxidatum Alderw

Type:—INDoNeSIa. Borneo, Boekit Batoe-ayah, Nieuwenhuis 1647 (holotype Bo!).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Khanh hoa Province: Khanh Vinh, hon Ba Nature reserve, elev. 1500 m, 26 January 2014, Wade 3723 (aK!, TaIF!). Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, BidoupNui Ba National Park, giang Ly Forest Station, 18 June 2013, Wade 2640 (SgN!, TaIF!), 19 June 2013, Wade 2677 (SgN!, TaIF!).
Distribution:—Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Brunei, Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak) and Sulawesi.
Taxonomic note:—Pham-hoang no. 390, 112 (1999) was identified as Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) alderw. (1912: 39), but belongs to S. pyxidatum because of the narrow reduced sterile part of the lamina. The lamina of S. pusillum is not narrowed, or not so markedly narrowed, in the sterile part.

Scleroglossum sulcatum (Kuhn) alderw.

Basionym: Vittaria sulcata Kuhn (1869: 68).
Type:—SrI LaNKa. Thwaites 3807 (lectotype B!; isolectotypes B!, BM!, Cge!, gh!, K!, Le, P!, PDa!, W).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. annam, Nha Trang, elev. 1600 m, 20 May 1922, Poilane 3527 (P, image seen). Vinh Phuc Province: Tam Dao Town, rung rinh Peak and nearby Thach Ban Peak, 7 November 2009, Wade 1043 (aK!, VNMN!), Lu 19351 (TaIF!). Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, giang Ly Forest Station, 20 June 2011, Wade 1623 (aK!), 17 June 2013, Wade 2587 (TaIF!), 18 June 2013, Wade 2639 (TaIF!).
Distribution:—China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is., Borneo (Brunei, Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Sulawesi, Philippines, Moluccas, New guinea (West Papua, Papua New guinea), Caroline Islands, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Society Islands and Marquesas Islands.
Taxonomic note:—Previously confused with Scleroglossum pusillum, which differs in sori closer to the margin, which is thicker.

Themelium halconense (Copel.) Parris

Basionym: Polypodium halconense Copel. (1907: 138).
Type:—PhILIPPINeS. Mindoro, Mt halcon, elev. 2300 m, November 1906, Merrill 5976 (lectotype MICh! here designated).
Additional specimens examined:—VIeTNaM. Lam Dong Province: Lac Duong District, Da Chays Commune, 29 km Ne of Dalat city, main Bi-Doup ridge, N12°06’ e108°39’, elev. 1900–2100 m , 22 March 1997, Averyanov, Binh & Loc VH 3086 (P, image seen).
Distribution:—Vietnam, Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak) and Philippines.
Taxonomic note:—The rather widely creeping rhizome with grey-brown scales and the serrated pinnae distinguish this species from other grammitids in Vietnam.

Checklist of the grammitid ferns in Vietnam

1. Acrosorus friderici-et-pauli (Christ) Copel. (syn. A. triangularis (Scort. ex Beddome) Copel. of Phan, A. streptophyllus auct. non (Baker) Copel.: Tardieu & Christensen, Pham-hoang, Phanan).
2. Calymmodon asiaticus Copel. (syn. C. cucullatus auct. non (Nees & Blume) C.Presl: Pham-hoang).
3. Calymmodon concinnus Parris
4. Calymmodon gracilis (Fée) Copel.
5. Ctenopterella blechnoides (grev.) Parris (syn. Ctenopteris blechnoides (grev.) W.h.Wagner & grether, Ctenopteris moultonii (Copel.) C.Chr. &Tardieu).
6. Ctenopterella nhatrangensis (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Parris (syn. Ctenopteris nhatrangensis C.Chr. & Tardieu).
7. Dasygrammitis brevivenosa (alderw.) Parris
8. Dasygrammitis mollicoma (Nees & Blume) Parris (syn. Ctenopteris mollicoma (Nees & Blume) Kunze).
9. Micropolypodium okuboi (yatabe) hayata (Ctenopteris sikkimensis auct. non (hieron.) C.Chr. & Tardieu: Tardieu & Christensen, Xiphopteris sikkimensis auct. non (hieron.) Copel.: Phan).
10. Oreogrammitis congener (Blume) Parris (syn. Grammitis congener Blume, Polypodium fasciatum auct. Non (Blume) C.Presl: Phan?).
11. Oreogrammitis dorsipila (Christ) Parris (syn. Grammitis dorsipila (Christ) C.Chr. & Tardieu).
12. Oreogrammitis parvula Parris
13. Oreogrammitis reinwardtii (Blume) Parris (syn. Grammitis reinwardtii Blume, G. hirtella auct. non (Blume) Tuyama: Tardieu & Christensen, Phan).
14. Oreogrammitis sinohirtella Parris (syn. Grammitis bongoensis auct. non (Copel.) Copel.: Phan? G. cuneifolia auct. non Copel.: Pham-hoang. G. lasiosora auct. non (Blume) Ching: Phan?).
15. Oreogrammitis subevenosa (Baker) Parris (syn. Grammitis subevenosa (Baker) C.Chr. & Tardieu, G. adspersa auct. non (Blume) Blume: Phan).
16. Prosaptia alata (Blume) Christ (syn. Ctenopteris alata (Blume) holttum).
17. Prosaptia barathrophylla (Baker) M.g.Price (syn. Ctenopteris barathrophylla (Baker) Parris, P. khasyana auct. non (hook.) C.Chr. & Tardieu: Tardieu & Christensen).
18. Prosaptia intermedia (Ching) Tagawa. (syn. P. urceolaris auct. non (hayata) Copel.: Tardieu & Christensen, Phan).
19. Prosaptia obliquata (Blume) Mett. (syn. Ctenopteris obliquata (Blume) Copel.).
20. Prosaptia pectinata T.Moore (syn. P. stenobasis (Baker) C.Chr. & Tardieu, Ctenopteris leysii (Baker) holttum).
21. Radiogrammitis beddomeana (alderw.) Parris (syn. Radiogrammitis alepidota (M.g.Price) Parris)
22. Radiogrammitis jagoriana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Parris
23. Scleroglossum pusillum (Blume) alderw.
24. Scleroglossum pyxidatum alderw. (syn. S. pusillum auct. non (Blume) alderw.: Pham-hoang. S. minus auct. Non (Fée) C.Chr.: Phan).
25. Scleroglossum sulcatum (Kuhn) alderw. (syn. S. pusillum auct. non (Blume) alderw.: Tardieu & Christensen, Phan).
26. Themelium halconense (Copel.) Parris.
27. Tomophyllum donianum (Sprengel) Fraser-Jenk. & Parris (syn. Ctenopteris subfalcata auct. non (Blume) Kunze: Phan).
28. Tomophyllum repandulum (Mett.) Parris (syn. Ctenopteris repandula (Mett.) C.Chr. & Tardieu).
29. Xiphopterella parva Parris (syn. Ctenopteris denticulata auct. non (Blume) C.Chr. & Tardieu: Tardieu & Christensen, Pham, Phan).